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[Chinese traditional calendar] 中国旧时通用的历法是阴阳历的一种一般就叫阴历。平年十二个月大月三十天小月二十九天全年354天或355天(一年中哪一月大哪一月小年年不同)十九年里设定七个闰月有闰月的年份全年383天或384天。又根据太阳的位置把一个太阳年分成二十四个节气便于农事。纪年用天干地支搭配六十年周而复始。这种历法相传创始于夏代所以又称为夏历。也叫旧历
我国古代历法之一。平年十二个月，大月三十天，小月二十九天，全年354天或355天(一年中哪个月大，哪个月小，年年不同)。由于平均每年的天数比太阳年约差十一天，所以在十九年中设定七个闰月，有闰月的年份全年十三个月(383天或384天，闰月在几月份也没有一定)。又宴乱根据太阳的位置，把一个太阳年分成二十四个节气，便于农事。纪年用天干地支搭配，六十年周而复始。俗称阴历。这种历法相传创始于 夏 代，所以又称夏历、旧历。
农业上使用的历书。
农历是我国传如神统历法，又有阴历、华历、夏历、汉历、国历等名称，是一种阴阳历，取月相的变化周期即朔望月为月的长度，参考太阳回归年为年的长度，通过设定闰月以使平均历年与回归年相适应，按照华夏始祖轩辕黄帝登基为元年，今年是农历开元4713丙申猴年（公元2023.02.08~2023.01.27），我国传统历法比西方历法早2697年，用西元年份+2697即是我国传统历法的年份。古代典籍和甲骨文中均对农历多有记载，大量历史典籍记载农历始于黄帝时代。农历阴阳合一的历法规则一般认为产生于商代。1912年我国开始采用西元历法和我国传统历法农历并用，随着国人对传统文化的重视，历法纪年对于一个国家一个民族拥有重要意... 更多→ 农历
Chinese traditional calendar
关于春节的单词：
春节 The Spring Festival
农历 lunar calendar
正月 lunar January; the first month by lunar calendar
除夕 New Year's Eve; eve of lunar New Year
初一 the beginning of New Year
元宵节 The Lantern Festival
过年 Guo-nian; have the Spring Festival
对联 poetic couplet: two successive rhyming lines in poetry
春联 Spring Festival couplets
剪纸 paper-cuts
年画 New Year paintings
敬酒 propose a toast
灯笼 lantern: a portable light
烟花 fireworks
爆竹 firecrackers (People scare off evil spirits and ghosts with the loud pop.)
红包 red packets (cash wrapped up in red paper, symbolize fortune and wealth in the coming year.)
舞狮 lion dance (The lion is believed to be able to dispel evil and bring good luck.)
舞龙蠢厅 dragon dance (to expect good weather and good harvests)
戏曲 traditional opera
杂盯凳耍 variety show; vaudeville
灯谜 riddles written on lanterns
灯会 exhibit of lanterns
守岁 staying-up
拜年 pay New Year's call; give New Year's greetings; New Year's visit
禁忌 taboo
去晦气 get rid of the ill- fortune
祭祖宗 offer sacrifices to one's ancestors
压岁钱带则隐 gift money; money given to children as a lunar New Year gift
辞旧岁 bid farewell to the old year
扫房 spring cleaning; general house-cleaning
小年并非专指一个节日，由于各地风俗，被称为小年的节日也不尽旦大相同。小年期间主要的民俗活动有贴春联蠢圆，扫尘，祭灶等模档竖。
Xiaonian is not a special festival. Because of local customs, festivals called Xiaonian are not the same. During the year, the main folk activities include pasting couplets, cleaning dust, offering sacrifices to kitchens, etc.
小年在各地有不同的概念和日期，北方地区是腊月二十三，南方地区是腊月二十四，江浙沪地区把腊月廿四和除夕前一夜都称为小年，南京地区称正月十五的元宵节为小年，云南部分地区是正月十六，西南和北方部分少数民族地区是除夕。
The year has different concepts and dates in different places. The northern area is December 23, the southern area is December 24, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai areas call December 24 and the night before New Year's Eve as the year, Nanjing area calls the Lantern Festival on January 15 as the year, Yunnan part is January 16, southwest and northern minority areas are New Year's Eve.
小年也意味着人们开始准备年货，准备干干净净过个好年，表示新年要有新气象，表达了中国劳动人民一种辞旧迎新、迎祥纳福的美好愿望。
The new year also means that people begin to prepare for the New Year's Goods, and prepare for a clean and clean New Year. It means that the New Year should have a new atmosphere. It expresses the good wish of the working people of China to renounce the old and welcome the new and welcome the good fortune.
1. Offer sacrifices to Kitchen God
祭灶王
In one of the most distinctive traditions of the Little New Year is the burning of a paper image of the Kitchen God, dispatching the god's spirit to Heaven to report on the family's conduct over the past year. The Kitchen God is then welcomed back by to the home through the pasting of a new paper image of him beside the stove. From this vantage point, the Kitchen God will oversee and protect the household for another year.
小年最具特色的风俗就是祭灶王，具体来讲就是将旧的灶王像烧掉，送灶王上天禀报这家人过去一年的善恶。大年三十的晚上，要在灶台旁贴一张新的灶王像，也就是接灶。这样，来年灶王爷就能继续监督并庇佑这一家人。
Most of the offerings are sweets of various varieties. It is thought that this will seal the Kitchen God's mouth and encourage him to only say good things about the family when he ascends to heaven to make his report.
人们还会在祭灶时给灶王爷摆上多种甜点做贡品，认为这会堵住灶王爷的嘴，让他上天汇报时只说好话。
2. House cleaning
扫尘土
Between Laba Festival, on the eighth day of the last lunar month, and Little New Year, on the twenty-third day, families throughout China undertake a thorough house cleaning, sweeping out the old in preparation for the New Year. 从腊八到小年这段时间，中国大部分家庭都会彻底清扫房屋，辞旧迎新。
According to Chinese folk beliefs, during the last month of the year ghosts and deities must choose either to return to Heaven or to stay on Earth. It is believed that in order to ensure the ghosts and deities' timely departure people must thoroughly clean both their persons and their dwellings, down to every last drawer and cupboard.
根据中国民间习俗，鬼魂和神灵都要在腊月选择返回天上还是留在人间。为了保证他们及时离开，人们必须彻底进行清扫，包括个人卫生和住所，抽屉和碗柜的犄角旮旯也都要打扫干净。
3. Eat Guandong candy
吃关东糖
Guandong candy, a sticky treat made out of glutinous millet and sprouted wheat, is a traditional snack that Chinese people eat on the Festival of the Kitchen God.
关东糖是用麦芽、小米熬制而成，是人们在小年吃的传统小吃。
4. Paste paper-cuts to windows
贴窗花
In the Little New Year, old couplets and paper-cuts from the previous Spring Festival are taken down, and new window decorations, New Year's posters, and auspicious decorations are pasted up.
过小年时，要把去年春节贴的春联和窗花取下，贴上新的窗花，年画，和各种大吉大利的装饰品。
5. Bath and hair-cut
沐浴理发
As the old Chinese saying goes, whether they're rich or poor, people often have a haircut before the Spring Festival. The activity of taking bath and haircut is often taken on the Little New Year.
民间有有钱没钱，剃头过年的说法。小年时人们常要沐浴理发。
6. Preparations for Spring Festival
办年货
从小年开始，人们就要为过年置办了，包括给祖先的贡品、招待客人的用品，还有过年期间一家人的吃食都要提前买好。
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