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There are many myths and misconceptions surrounding the people responsible for the American Thanksgiving tradition. Contrary to popular opinion, the Pilgrims didn't wear buckles on their shoes or hats. They weren't teetotalers, either. They smoked tobacco and drank beer. And, most importantly, their first harvest festival and subsequent "thanksgivings" weren't held to thank the local natives for saving their lives.
人们对与美国传统节日“感恩节”有关的故事、人物等一直存在各种误解和迷思。与主流观点不同，清教徒（Pilgrim）并不会穿戴系有纽扣的鞋和帽子。他们也不会禁酒，反而吸烟喝酒一样没少。最重要的一点，清教徒们的第一次收获与由此而来的“感恩”，与当地印第安人出手相救一点关系也没有。
Do you know there are public schools in America today actually teaching that? Some textbooks, in their discomfort with open discussions of Christianity, say as much. I dare suggest most parents today know little more about this history than their children.
你知道吗？如今仍有许多公立学校还在用错误的内容教授感恩节。有些课本也同样大肆谈论基督精神，令人感到不适。我敢打赌，许多家长对历史的了解就跟对孩子一样知之甚少。
Yet, there is no way to divorce the spiritual from the celebration of Thanksgiving – at least not the way the Pilgrims envisioned it, a tradition dating back to the ancient Hebrews and their feasts of Succoth and Passover.
不过，要把庆祝感恩节的精神从感恩节本身分离出来，那是不可能的——至少同清教徒当初预想的不同。这一传统要追溯到古希伯来人时期，同他们的住棚节（Succoth）和逾越节（Passover）有关。
The Pilgrims came to America for one reason – to form a separate community in which they could worship God as they saw fit. They had fled England because King James I was persecuting those who did not recognize the Church of England's absolute civil and spiritual authority.
清教徒之所以来美国，是为了建立一个与世隔绝的社会，教徒们可以在这个社会朝圣他们认为可以称之为上帝的神。由于詹姆斯一世（King James I）迫害那些不认同把英国国教作为国家公民和精神至高无上权威的人，因此清教徒们从英国逃离了出来。
1620年11月11日，在经历海上2个月的漂泊之后，威廉姆·布拉德福特（William Bradford）与其他长者一同签署了只为重要的一份公约——《五月花号公约》。为何这份公约如此与众不同？因为这份公约给所有新社会成员们都建立了一份公平公正的法律——不论是对信徒还是非信徒，都是如此。这些清教徒们是从哪儿想到如此革命性的点子呢？答案毋庸置疑是《圣经》了。
When the Pilgrims landed in the New World, they found a cold, rocky, barren, desolate wilderness. There were no friends to greet them, Bradford wrote. No houses to shelter them. No inns where they could refresh themselves. During the first winter, half the Pilgrims died of sickness or exposure – including Bradford's wife. Though life improved for the Pilgrims when spring came, they did not really prosper. Why? Once again, the textbooks don't tell the story, but Bradford's own journal does. The reason they didn't succeed initially is because they were practicing an early form of socialism.
当清教徒刚上岸来到这片新天地，迎接他们的是一片荒芜，土壤贫瘠，崎岖，气候阴冷。布拉德福德写道：在那儿没有人欢迎他们的到来。没有遮风挡雨的庇护所。也没有可以更衣洗漱的旅店。来到这儿的第一个冬天，半数都死于疾病或是风霜雨打——其中也包括布拉德福德的妻子。尽管冬去春来之后，清教徒们的生活改善了不少，但他们也并未真正富饶起来。为何如此？要知道，书里并没有记录这段故事，但布拉德福德自己的日记里却有记载。之所以他们没有成功，主要的原因是他们当时在践行社会主义初期的形态。
在清教徒们同伦敦的赞助商贩最初签订的合同里，要求他们把所有生产的物品都放进公共商店里。每位成员都有权享有一份。他们开垦的土地和建造的房屋都归公有。作为管理者，布拉德福德认识到这种集体制度导致的内部问题。
"The experience that was had in this common course and condition, tried sundry years ... that by taking away property, and bringing community into common wealth, would make them happy and flourishing – as if they were wiser than God," Bradford wrote. "For this community [so far as it was] was found to breed much confusion and discontent, and retard much employment that would have been to their benefit and comfort. For young men that were most able and fit for labor and service did repine that they should spend their time and strength to work for other men's wives and children without any recompense ... that was thought injustice."
布拉德福德写道：“我们自以为比上帝聪慧，尝试了若干年，以为剥夺私有财产，让社会共同富裕，践行这种共有制度和过程，就能使清教徒们幸福繁荣。”他又补充道：“我发现这种社会形态（就目前的形态）反而滋生更多的困顿和不安，也阻碍那些工作的人获得利益以及安逸的权利。因为年轻男子最有能力，也最适合担任体力活，为他人提供劳务，这一点确实令他们心中积怨，他们花费自身精力和体力为其他男子的家室工作，却得不到任何回报。人们认为这非常不公。”
What a surprise! Even back then people did not want to work without incentive. Bradford decided to assign a plot of land to each family to work and manage, thus turning loose the power of free enterprise. What was the result?
意想不到啊！即便那时人们工作也希望能有奖励。布拉德福德决定给每家每户一小块地皮，让他们去耕作，这一举动放宽了自由企业。结果又如何呢？
"This had very good success," wrote Bradford, "for it made all hands industrious, so as much more corn was planted than otherwise would have been."
“这项举措太成功了，”布拉德福德写道，“因为这让所有人都变得有活可干，种的庄稼也比之前要多得多。”
结果，清教徒们发现作物收成超过自给自足所需的量。于是他们建造了商栈，同其他印第安人交换商品。所得利润使得他们能比当初预期更快地偿还欠给伦敦商贩的债务。普利茅斯（Plymouth）殖民地的成功吸引了更多欧洲人以及开启了我们所说的“清教徒大迁徙”。（Great Puritan Migration）
But it wasn't just an economic system that allowed the Pilgrims to prosper. It was their devotion to God and His laws. And that's what Thanksgiving is really all about. The Pilgrims recognized that everything we have is a gift from God – even our sorrows. Their Thanksgiving tradition was established to honor God and thank Him for His blessings and His grace.
但清教徒们之所以能繁荣昌盛，靠的不仅仅是经济体系。还靠他们对上帝的笃信以及“克勤克俭、乐善好施、努力工作”的清教徒戒律。这才是感恩节的真正意义所在。清教徒们认识到一切皆是上帝赠予的礼物——即便是忧伤也不例外。建立感恩节传统是为了赞美上帝，感恩上帝给予的祝福与恩泽。
11月的最后一个星期四是感恩节(Thanksgiving Day)。感恩节是美国人民独创的一个古老节日，也是美国人合家欢聚的节日，因此美国人提起感恩节总是倍感亲切。
感恩节的由来要一直追溯到美国历史的发端。1620年，著名的“五月花”号船满载不堪忍受英国国内宗教迫害的清教徒102人到达美洲。1620年和1621年之交的冬天，他们遇到了难以想象的困难，处在饥寒交迫之中，冬天过去时，活下来的移民只有50来人。这时，心地善良的印第安人给移民送来了生活必需品，还特地派人教他们怎样狩猎、捕鱼和种植玉米、南瓜。在印第安人的帮助下，移民们终于获得了丰收，在欢庆丰收的日子，按照宗教传统习俗，移民规定了感谢上帝的日子，并决定为感谢印第安人的真诚帮助，邀请他们一同庆祝节日。
在第一个感恩节的这一天，印第安人和移民欢聚一堂，他们在黎明时鸣放礼炮，列队走进一间用作教堂的屋子，虔诚地向上帝表达谢意，然后点起篝火举行盛大宴会。第二天和第三天又举行了摔跤、赛跑、唱歌、跳舞等活动。第一个感恩节非常成功。其中许多庆祝方式流传了300多年，一直保留到今天。
每逢感恩节这一天，美国举国上下热闹非常，人们按照习俗前往教堂做感恩祈祷，城乡市镇到处举行化装游行、戏剧表演和体育比赛等，学校和商店也都按规定放假体息。孩子们还模仿当年印第安人的模样穿上离奇古怪的服装，画上脸谱或戴上面具到街上唱歌、吹喇叭。散居在他乡外地的家人也会回家过节，一家人团团围坐在一起，大嚼美味火鸡。
同时，好客的美国人也忘不掉这一天邀请好友、单身汉或远离家乡的入共度佳节。从18世纪起，美国就开始出现一种给贫穷人家送一篮子食物的风俗。当时有一群年轻妇女想在一年中选一天专门做善事，认为选定感恩节是最恰当不过的。所以感恩节一到，她们就装上满清一篮食物亲自送到穷人家。这件事远近传闻，不久就有许多人学着她们的样子做起来。
美国人一年中最重视的一餐，就是感恩节的晚宴。在美国这个生活节奏很快，竞争激烈的国度里，平日的饮食极为简单。但在感恩节的夜晚，家家户户都大办筵席，物品之丰盛，令人咋舌。在节日的餐桌上，上至总统，下至庶民，火鸡和南瓜饼都是必备的。因此，感恩节也被称为“火鸡节”。
感恩节的食品富有传统特色。火鸡是感恩节的传统主菜，它原是栖息于北美洲的野禽，后经人们大批饲养，成为美味家禽，每只可重达四五十磅。通常是把火鸡肚子里塞上各种调料和拌好的食品，然后整只烤出，鸡皮烤成深棕色，由男主人用刀切成薄片分给大家。然后由各人自己浇上卤汁，洒上盐，味道十分鲜美。此外，感恩节的传统食品还有甜山芋、玉蜀黍、南瓜饼、红莓苔子果酱、自己烘烤的面包及各种蔬菜和水果等。
游 戏
感恩节宴会后，有些家庭还常常做些传统游戏。第一次感恩节，人们进行了跳舞、比赛等许多娱乐活动，其中有些一直流传至今。有种游戏叫蔓越桔竞赛，是把一个装有蔓越桔的大碗放在地上，4-10名竞赛者围坐在周围，每人发给针线一份。比赛一开始，他们先穿针线，然后把蔓越桔一个个串起来，3分钟一到；谁串得最长，谁就得奖。至于穿得最慢的人，大家还开玩笑地发给他一个最差奖。
还有一种玉米游戏也很古老。据说这是为了纪念当年在粮食匮乏的情况下发给每个移民五个玉米而流传下来的。游戏时。人们把五个玉米藏在屋里，由大家分头去找，找到玉米的五个人参加比赛，其他人在一旁观看。比赛开始，五个人就迅速把玉米粒剥在一个碗里，谁先剥完谁得奖，然后由没有参加比赛的人围在碗旁边猜里面有多少玉米粒，猜得数量最接近的奖给一大意爆玉米花。
人们最喜爱的游戏要算南瓜赛跑了。比赛者用一把小勺推着南瓜 跑，规则是绝对不能用手碰南瓜，先到终点者获奖。比赛用的勺子越小，游戏就越有意思。
除去这些活动外，有些家庭在节日里驱车到乡间去郊游，或是坐飞机出去旅行，特别是当年移民们安家落户的地方——普利茅斯港更是游客们向往的所在。在那里，可以看到按照“五月花”号仿制的船和普利茅斯石，还可以花几个小时在移民村里参观。移民村是仿照当年的样子建成的。参观时，还有专门人员扮成请教徒同游客们谈天，给人以身临其境的感觉。
多少年来，庆祝感恩节的习俗代代相传，无论在岩石嶙峋的西海岸还是在风光旖旎的夏威夷，人们几乎在以同样的方式欢度感恩节，感恩节是不论何种信仰、何种民族的美国人都庆祝的传统节日。
我们要常怀感恩之心，以感恩之心回报他人。以下是感恩节的意义英文版，一起看看吧。
All summer long they waited for the harvests with great anxiety, knowing that their lives and the future existence of the colony depended on the coming harvest. Finally the fields produced a yield rich beyond expectations. And therefore it was decided that a day of thanksgiving to the Lord be fixed. Years later, President of the United States proclaimed the fourth Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day every year. The celebration of Thanksgiving Day has been observed on that date until today.
感恩节最主要的意义是要告诉我们人性的美好，从任何事上都可以体现出感恩，问候一下你的父母，朋友，帮助需要帮助的人，都是感恩的表现。让我们学会感恩，学会珍惜，学会理解与宽容，最重要的，学会爱。那就是生命真正赋予我们的。
拓展阅读
感恩节习俗英文介绍
For centuries, Thanksgiving Day is associated with communal prayers in church and in homes. People offer various meal time prayers during the day. It is a time, when mankind thanks God for all his blessings and grace. It is also a day to show gratitude to your friends and relatives for all the good deeds.
几个世纪以来,“感恩节”与在教堂和家里祈祷者有关。人们提供各式各样的用餐，祷告一下白天的情况。这是一个人类感谢上帝带来所有祝福的时候，同时也是一个感激你的朋友和亲人及所有的好事的时候。
The traditional stuffed turkey adorns every dinner table during the feast. pumpkin pie, cranberry sauce, corns are some of the dishes cooked everywhere to mark the day.
家庭盛宴是感恩节期间的一个重要习俗。全家人围坐在饭桌边一起祈祷，愿上帝施与永不停息的恩惠。 这也让身处异地的亲友欢聚一堂，同庆美好时光。
Though historians don’t have an evidence to prove that turkey was eaten during the first thanksgiving dinner, the thanksgiving celebration will be incomplete without it.
传统的填制火鸡让每个餐桌生色不少，南瓜派、酸果沙司、玉米更是那天必不可少的菜肴。虽然历史学家没有证据证明在第一个感恩节时人们就吃火鸡，但没有火鸡的感恩节是不完美的。
The traditional thanksgiving parade probably started with president lincoln proclaiming it an official day. the full- dress parade is a way to display the country’s military strength and discipline. the main aim of such parades is to lift the spirits of the spectators, provide them with wholesome entertainment. in the present day, parades are accompanied with musical shows and celebrities.
感恩节那天进行的巡游仪式大概始于林肯总统时期，而且这天被宣布为法定节日。隆重的巡游仪式是显示国家军事力量和严明纪律的一个方式，但这样的巡游主要目的`是振奋国人，为大众提供一个积极健康的娱乐活动。现代的巡游活动还加入音乐节目，众多名人也参与其中。
football games??watching nfl football during thanksgiving is a popular tradition. the traditional game between the detroit lions and the green bay packers continues. one of the most memorable games having been played on this day.
感恩节观看美国国家足球联盟的橄榄球比赛也是一个习俗。底特律雄狮和绿湾包装工队之间的传统比赛至今仍然保留着。其中最值得纪念的比赛之一就在感恩节这天举行
Thanksgiving is a time to decorate homes with wreaths, fresh and dried flowers. People beautify their homes, give the interiors a whole new look and feel. They light lamps to brighten the environment. Tables are adorned with best china and antique silver cutlery to mark the occasion.
感恩节是人们装饰房屋,用清新干花点缀房间的时间。人们美化家园,给内部一个全新的外观和感觉。他们点灯照亮周围环境。桌子也挂有最好的瓷器、古玩银餐具以示庆祝。
Thanksgiving is a day when people send loving messages and warm wishes to their relatives, colleagues at work place, superiors and subordinates, near and dear ones. It is a day of conveying their feelings through Thanksgiving cards.
感恩节是人们送爱的信息和温馨的祝愿给他们的亲戚、同事、上司和下属、极亲密的人的一个节日。这一天他们通过赠送感恩节贺卡来表达自己的感受。
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